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CompTIA A+: your recommended start
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Computer Hardware Basics
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Computer Hardware Basics
Identify the components inside a computer and explain how they cooperate to process, store, and move data.
CompTIA A+ · Recommended start
Operating Systems Overview
Understand how an operating system manages hardware, applications, files, users, and security boundaries.
CompTIA A+
Command Line Fundamentals
Use a shell safely to navigate files, inspect a system, and understand command structure.
CompTIA A+
Virtualization Basics
Learn how virtual machines share physical hardware while remaining isolated as separate computer systems.
CompTIA A+
IT Career Overview
Understand common entry-level IT roles, how teams work together, and the habits employers expect.
CompTIA A+
Binary and Number Systems
Work confidently with bits, bytes, hexadecimal, and powers of two so addressing and storage maths stop being guesswork.
CompTIA A+
Structured Troubleshooting Methodology
Apply a repeatable diagnostic process instead of guessing, so faults are isolated with evidence and documented for the next technician.
CompTIA A+
PC Hardware Installation and Upgrades
Select, install, and validate compatible components including CPUs, memory, expansion cards, and power supplies.
CompTIA A+
Storage Technologies and Data Protection
Compare HDD, SSD, and NVMe behaviour, plan RAID levels, and protect data during migrations and failures.
CompTIA A+
Mobile Devices and Laptop Support
Service laptops and mobile devices, from display and battery faults to enrolment, synchronisation, and mobile security.
CompTIA A+
Printers, Peripherals, and Connectivity
Deploy and troubleshoot printing and peripheral devices across USB, network, and driver layers.
CompTIA A+
Windows Installation and Configuration
Install, image, and configure Windows clients including partitioning, accounts, updates, and post-deployment validation.
CompTIA A+
Windows Administration Tools
Use Task Manager, Event Viewer, Services, Registry, MMC consoles, and PowerShell to inspect and control a Windows system.
CompTIA A+
macOS and Linux Client Support
Support non-Windows desktops with equivalent concepts for updates, permissions, packages, and recovery.
CompTIA A+
Application and Software Troubleshooting
Resolve application faults across installation, permissions, dependencies, profiles, and updates without reimaging by default.
CompTIA A+
Endpoint Security Fundamentals
Protect client devices with authentication, least privilege, patching, malware defence, and safe remediation procedures.
CompTIA A+
Operational Procedures, Safety, and Documentation
Work safely and professionally with change control, asset records, disposal rules, and clear written communication.
CompTIA A+
Basic Networking Concepts
Build a mental model of how devices exchange data through local networks, the internet, and shared protocols.
CompTIA Network+
Networking Basics
Move from a network overview into addressing, local traffic, routing, transport protocols, and basic troubleshooting.
CompTIA Network+
DNS Fundamentals
Understand how readable domain names are resolved into records that computers can use to locate services.
CompTIA Network+
The OSI Model and Encapsulation
Use layered models to localise faults and explain exactly where each protocol, device, and header operates.
CompTIA Network+
Ethernet Switching and VLANs
Configure and troubleshoot switched networks including MAC learning, VLANs, trunking, and loop prevention.
CompTIA Network+
IP Addressing and Subnetting
Plan and calculate IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, subnet boundaries, and host capacity confidently.
CompTIA Network+
Routing Fundamentals
Understand how routers choose paths using static routes, dynamic protocols, metrics, and NAT.
CompTIA Network+
Core Network Services and Protocols
Operate the services every network depends on: DHCP, DNS, NTP, HTTP/S, SMTP, SNMP, and remote access protocols.
CompTIA Network+
Wireless Networking and Network Troubleshooting
Design reliable Wi-Fi and diagnose network faults using structured tools, counters, and capture evidence.
CompTIA Network+
Security Principles and Threat Actors
Apply the CIA triad, risk language, and attacker models to judge real controls and real threats.
CompTIA Security+
Cryptography and PKI Fundamentals
Apply symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, hashing, and certificates to protect data in transit and at rest.
CompTIA Security+
Identity and Access Management
Design authentication and authorisation with directory services, federation, MFA, and privileged access control.
CompTIA Security+
Network Security Controls
Deploy firewalls, segmentation, VPNs, IDS/IPS, and secure remote access as layered network defences.
CompTIA Security+
Risk, Governance, and Compliance
Translate policy, regulation, and business risk into security requirements teams can actually implement.
CompTIA Security+
Incident Response Fundamentals
Run the incident lifecycle from preparation through lessons learned, preserving evidence and communicating clearly.
CompTIA Security+
Linux Filesystem and Permissions
Navigate the Linux directory hierarchy and control access with ownership, modes, and special permissions.
CompTIA Linux+
Linux Package and Service Management
Install software, manage repositories, and control systemd services and boot targets reliably.
CompTIA Linux+
Bash Scripting and Automation
Write safe, readable shell scripts with variables, conditionals, loops, and error handling for real administrative tasks.
CompTIA Linux+
Linux Networking and Troubleshooting
Configure and diagnose Linux network interfaces, routing, name resolution, and firewalls from the command line.
CompTIA Linux+
Server Hardware and Storage Arrays
Specify and operate server platforms with redundant power, RAID controllers, out-of-band management, and shared storage.
CompTIA Server+
Windows Server and Active Directory
Operate domain services including authentication, group policy, DNS integration, and delegated administration.
CompTIA Server+
Backup and Disaster Recovery
Design backup strategies and recovery plans that meet stated objectives and survive ransomware.
CompTIA Server+
Monitoring, Logging, and Patch Management
Keep systems healthy and current with meaningful metrics, actionable alerts, and disciplined patch cycles.
CompTIA Server+
Cloud Service Models and Deployment
Compare IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, shared responsibility, and deployment models against real business requirements.
CompTIA Cloud+
Cloud Compute and Networking
Design virtual networks, subnets, security groups, load balancing, and scaling in a cloud environment.
CompTIA Cloud+
Cloud Identity and Security
Secure cloud environments with least-privilege roles, key management, logging, and configuration guardrails.
CompTIA Cloud+
Containers and Infrastructure as Code
Package workloads in containers and manage environments declaratively with version-controlled infrastructure code.
CompTIA Cloud+
Security Monitoring and SIEM Operations
Run a monitoring capability with useful log sources, correlation rules, triage workflow, and measurable coverage.
CompTIA CySA+
Log Analysis and Detection Engineering
Read raw telemetry, build reliable detections, and validate them against attacker techniques.
CompTIA CySA+
Threat Intelligence and Threat Hunting
Use intelligence to drive proactive hypothesis-led hunts that find activity existing alerts missed.
CompTIA CySA+
Vulnerability Management and Prioritisation
Run a continuous vulnerability programme that prioritises by real risk rather than raw scanner counts.
CompTIA CySA+
Penetration Testing Methodology
Plan and scope authorised security tests with legal agreements, rules of engagement, and structured reconnaissance.
CompTIA PenTest+
Exploitation, Post-Exploitation, and Reporting
Demonstrate impact safely, understand privilege escalation and lateral movement, and write reports that get fixed.
CompTIA PenTest+
Security Architecture and Zero Trust
Design layered enterprise architecture where identity, segmentation, and verification replace implicit network trust.
CompTIA SecurityX
Cloud and Identity Attack Defence
Detect and defend against modern identity-centric attacks across hybrid and cloud estates.
CompTIA SecurityX
Enterprise Security Programme and Risk Leadership
Build and defend a security programme with measurable objectives, governance, and credible executive communication.
CompTIA SecurityX
Advanced Incident Response and Digital Forensics
Lead complex investigations with defensible evidence handling, root-cause analysis, and organisational learning.
CompTIA SecurityX